不同磷水平和钙磷比饲粮添加植酸酶对妊娠母猪养分表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究不同磷水平和钙磷比饲粮添加植酸酶对妊娠母猪养分消化率的影响。试验选择遗传背景一致、2~3胎次(预产期前28 d)、体重为(221.91±7.41)kg、预产期相近的健康"长×大"二元杂交母猪36头,按照胎次、预产期均衡原则随机分为9个组,每个组4个重复。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(钙、磷水平分别为7.26、5.81 g/kg);组2为基础饲粮添加植酸酶;组3~5保持钙水平(7.26 g/kg)不变添加植酸酶,减少无机磷添加至对照组的75%、50%、25%[钙磷比为(1.35~1.63)∶1.00];组6~9保持钙磷比不变(1.25∶1.00)添加植酸酶,减少无机磷添加至对照组的75%、50%、25%、0。结果表明:1)正常磷水平下,添加植酸酶显著提高了干物质、粗灰分、有机物和磷的表观消化率(P0.05),极显著降低了粪中磷的排泄量(P0.01),有降低铜、锌排泄量的趋势(P0.10)。与对照相比,低磷水平添加植酸酶极显著提高了干物质、粗灰分、有机物、磷、钙、铁、铜、锌的表观消化率(P0.01),显著降低了粪中磷、钙、铁、铜、锌的排泄量(P0.05)。2)饲粮在保持钙水平不变或钙磷比不变的条件下添加植酸酶,随磷添加量的降低,干物质、粗灰分、有机物、磷、铁、铜、锌的表观消化率均呈线性或二次升高(P0.05),粪中磷、铁、铜、锌的排泄量呈线性或二次降低(P0.01),保持钙磷比不变,钙、粗蛋白质的表观消化率显著提高(P0.05)。3)以表观可消化磷为标准,饲粮保持钙水平不变和钙磷比不变添加植酸酶可分别替代0.91、1.27 g/kg的无机磷,减少24.70%、34.48%的粪磷排泄量。4)钙磷比不变(1.25∶1.00)组饲粮的养分表观消化率极显著高于钙水平不变[高钙磷比(1.35~1.63)∶1.00]组饲粮(P0.01),且粪矿物质的排泄量极显著减少(P0.01)。综上所述:1)在本研究条件下,在低无机磷、低钙磷比(1.25∶1.00)饲粮中,添加植酸酶提高养分消化率的效果更显著。2)以表观可消化磷为标准,母猪饲粮的钙磷比为1.25∶1.00时,添加植酸酶可减少1.27 g/kg的磷添加。     

Effect of Mediterranean saltbush (Atriplex halimus) ensilaging with two developed enzyme cocktails on feed intake,nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation in sheep

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of feeding Atriplex halimus (AH) silage treated with two developed enzyme cocktails to sheep on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation. The AH silage was treated without or with 2 L of ZAD1^® or ZAD2^®/1000 kg with 5% molasses and ensiled for 30 days. Barley grain (300 g/head/day) was fed as an energy supplement once daily at 10.00 hours and AH silage with or without enzyme treatment was offered ad libitum to animals twice daily at 09.00 and 16.00 hours. Sheep were fed on four experimental forage diets comprised of AH silage and barley (D1), AH silage treated with ZAD1^® and barley (D2), AH silage treated with ZAD2^® and barley (D3) and AH silage treated with a combination of ZAD1^® and ZAD2^® (1:1) and barley (D4). Ensiling AH with enzymes reduced its contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. The dry matter intake of AH of D2, D3 and D4 decreased (P < 0.001) as compared to D1. However, enzyme‐treated diets had greater total digestible nutrients intake (P < 0.001) as compared to D1. The nutrients digestibility for D2, D3 and D4 were higher than those for D1 (P < 0.001), and were higher for D3 as compared to both D2 and D4. Sheep fed on D3 had highest (P < 0.001) ruminal total volatile fatty acids concentration, ammonia nitrogen concentration and microbial protein yield. It could be concluded that AH silage treated with ZAD1^® or ZAD2^® improved digestibility and rumen fermentation in sheep.     

Study on Feed Value of Cassava Residue for Growing-Fishing Pigs

To determine the apparent digestibility of cassava residue (CR) nutrient and the effects of CR on growth performance when replaced the different levels corn in diet,two experiments were designed.In the first experiment,8 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire crossbred barrow pigs with the similar weight (22.46 kg±1.08 kg) were chosen for determining the apparent digestibility of CR.The pre-test period lasted for 10 days,and the trial period lasted for 5 days.In the second experiment,160 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire crossbred pigs with the similar weight(21.09 kg±0.72 kg) were randomly divided into five groups with four replicates per group and eight pigs per replicate.The control group was fed with basal diet while the experimental groups were fed diets containing 5%,10%,15% and 20% levels of substitution of corn by CR,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 5 days,and the trial period lasted for 30 days.The results showed that the content of CP and EE in CR were 2.73% and 0.68%,but CF and total energy were 15.34% and 13.55 MJ/kg.The content of Lys and Thr were 0.11% and 0.08%,respectively.Calcium and phosphorus apparent digestibility were low,just only 40.24% and 34.76%,respectively,while apparent total energy digestibility was 65.62%.The apparent digestibility of Arg,Glu,Tyr,Met,Leu and Val were higher than 80%.The average daily gain was reduced with increasing dose of CR,which the group of 15% and 20% addition were significantly lower than that of control group (P< 0.05).However,the average daily gain of 5% and 10% groups were no significant difference with the control group(P >0.05).The feed cost of 5% and 10% addition groups were decreased by 0.01 and 0.05 yuan.In conclusion,under this experimental condition,the appropriate addition of CR for growing-fishing pig (20 to 50 kg ) was 5% to 10% in the diet.     

Analysis of Regular Nutritional Components and Amino Acid Contents of Mongolia Bullock Muscle Grazed in Kubuqi Desert

In order to evaluate the Mongolia muscle characteristics and nutritional value, six Mongolia bullocks aged 4 years grazed in Kubuqi desert were chosen to analyze the regular nutritional components and amino acid contents of Mongolia muscle.The results showed that the contents of water, crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE), crude ash (ash), calcium and phosphorus of Mongolia muscle (fresh) were 68.21%, 22.60%, 6.49%, 2.69%, 0.58% and 0.55%, respectively.A total amino acid (TAA) content of beef was 24.297 g/100 g, essential amino acid content was 10.265 g/100 g, the proportion of essential amino acid justified and exceeded the FAO/WHO standard.The ratio of essential amino acid and total amino acid contents (EAA/TAA) was 42.25%, the ratio of essential amino acid and the non-essential amino acid (EAA/NEAA) was 73.15%.In functional amino acid, the content of palatable taste amino acid and sweet flavor amino acid in total amino acid was 46.891%.In addition to valine, essential amino acid contents of Mongolia muscle were superior to ideal protein of FAO/WHO standard, the percentage of valine reached 83.972% in ideal protein.These results indicated that Mongolia muscle belonged to the comprehensive nutrition and high quality protein food on the evaluation of the regular nutrient content and the amino acid content of beef.     

树木提取液抑制白蚁的效能试验

通过26种树木的不同提取液室内制剂筛选试验,从中筛选出灭蚁活性较强的树木提取液,分别配制9种单剂,在小型试验基础上优选配方,结合植物资源等因素,研制成环保型灭白蚁粉剂。用该粉剂在厦门、福州的公园中进行防治树木白蚁的药效试验,结果表明:处理后10 d的防效为76%~100%,处理后20 d的防效为81%~100%,处理后30 d的防效为100%,并且施药9个月后检查仍能持效。     

桤柏混交林的效益探讨

桤柏混交林是川中丘陵区的主要造林类型。本文对不同年龄阶段的桤柏混交林进行了对比研究。结果表明：２６年生的混交林中其柏木在单位面积上的蓄积最比纯柏木林大８０．６％，地上中分生物量比纯林高４７．２％；混交林柏木的Ｎ，Ｐ，Ｋ，Ｃａ等营养元素含量分别 比纯柏林高６５．４７％，５０．４３％，７．７０％和１７．９６％；混交林内空气相对湿度比纯柏木林大９．４－１０．５％，混交林能改善生态环境，提高土壤肥力。     

毛竹林凋落叶分解失重及养分累积归还模式

经过１０４周对２个试验点上包括３种立竹度和２种林分组成共５种处理条件下的毛竹林凋落叶的分解过程研究，结果表明：分解初期失重迅速，而后趋于缓慢。分解剩余率与分解时间之间存在着指数函数关系。林分立竹度和组成对竹林凋落叶分解速度有着显著影响，竹栎混交林及立竹度为３０１５株／ｈｍ＾２纯竹林处理下，凋落叶的分解速度分别高于纯竹林的其它２种立竹度处理。剩余物中的Ｎ、Ｐ的浓度随分解呈增加趋势，两者变化模式相似，     

盐肤木施肥效应及角倍蚜营养环境初步研究

对盐肤木叶片成分分析结果表明 :寄生角倍的叶片与正常叶片相比 ,叶组织内的氨基酸和Vc的浓度由 11.0 6 % ,1.15 %降低到 7.85 %和 0 .6 8% ,幅度很大 ;总N和单宁的浓度也略有降低 ,而可溶性总糖的浓度则稍有升高。通过盆栽施肥试验得出 :N、P肥不但可促进盐肤木幼树生长 ,并影响叶片内Vc的含量 ,但对叶片内的可溶性糖、单宁及总氮含量没有明显的影响 ;施N肥对叶组织的碳氮比(C/N)的作用较P肥明显     

林木叶片最适养分状态的模拟诊断

为研究叶片最适养分状态,提出了模拟诊断方法。将砂姜黑土上Ⅰ-69杨(Populus deltoides Bartr.cv.“Lux”)的改土培肥试验各处理作为模拟诊断的样地。用典型相关分析方法选择采样时间、确定与林木生长有密切关系的叶片养分元素。用抛物线函数作为叶片最适养分状态的诊断函数。选择变量同时考虑叶片养分的含量和养分之间的比例。经过4年多的研究得出Ⅰ-69杨最适叶片养分状态为:造林第1年7月叶片含P_2O_50.55—0.75％;造林后第2年7月叶片含N3.20—4.20％;造林后第3年5月含N3.00—3.70％;造林后第4年5月叶片中的N/K为1.00—1.60。